RUPF Ultra Pure Water Machine for Water Filtration Laboratory

The initial demand for ultrapure water primarily came from industries such as power generation, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and papermaking, where water quality requirements were relatively low. Its preparation mainly relied on ion exchange. The main drawback of this method was the chemical regeneration process, which was both cumbersome and uneconomical. Additionally, due to the weak removal efficiency of strong acid resins for general organic molecules, the total organic carbon (TOC) content in the effluent was high. With the development of the semiconductor industry, the quality requirements for ultrapure water increased, significantly driving advancements in pure water technology. By the end of the last century, membrane technology had gained widespread application. Advanced water treatment technologies such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, electrodialysis, and reverse osmosis experienced rapid development. Membrane-based pure water preparation systems replaced traditional ion exchange equipment, addressing TOC issues and meeting the stringent water quality demands of the electronics industry. In membrane processes, ultrafiltration and microfiltration replaced clarification, quartz sand filters, and activated carbon filters to remove suspended solids, colloids, and organic matter from water, reducing turbidity, SDI, and COD. This ensured the safe and efficient operation of reverse osmosis systems for wastewater reuse. Reverse osmosis replaced ion exchangers for desalination, further removing organic matter, colloids, bacteria, and other impurities, ensuring that the reverse osmosis effluent met the requirements for EDI feedwater. EDI replaced mixed-bed systems for deep desalination, utilizing electricity instead of acids and alkalis for resin regeneration, thereby avoiding secondary pollution.
Xinrui Laboratory Ultrapure Water Analysis Instrument Raw Water Pretreatment
Due to the nature of membrane materials and elements, reverse osmosis has certain requirements for feedwater quality. Pretreatment addresses issues such as clogging, scaling, fouling, and degradation. Clogging refers to the blockage of membrane element flow channels by particles, suspended solids, colloids, and iron oxide precipitates in the water. Scaling occurs when sparingly soluble salts crystallize and precipitate on the concentrated water side, which can be prevented by pre-removal or the addition of scale inhibitors. Fouling involves the adsorption of oils, organic matter, microbial growth, and colloidal adsorption on the membrane surface, which can be mitigated through disinfection, oxidative degradation, coagulation filtration, and activated carbon adsorption. Degradation refers to the damage caused by oxidants such as free chlorine and ozone to membrane materials, which can be addressed by activated carbon adsorption or the addition of reducing agents.
Traditional Pretreatment Methods
Multi-media filters primarily remove organic matter through coagulation and capture, which is only effective for particulate or colloidal macromolecules but ineffective for dissolved natural organic matter and many industrial organic pollutants.
Activated carbon adsorption can partially remove small-molecule organic matter through adsorption, with COD removal rates ranging from 40% to 90%. Activated carbon is not used for filtration and retention.
Membrane-Based Pretreatment
Membrane-based pretreatment provides reliable feedwater quality assurance for downstream desalination systems.
Filtration is a membrane separation process based on sieving principles, driven by pressure, with a filtration precision ranging from 0.005 μm to 0.01 μm. It effectively removes particles, colloids, bacteria, and high-molecular-weight organic matter from water. The ultrafiltration process involves no phase change and exhibits good temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and oxidation resistance. By utilizing membrane materials with different molecular weight cut-offs and process designs, ultrafiltration can adapt to various water quality conditions and separation requirements.

Xinrui Laboratory Ultrapure Water Analysis Instrument Water Purification Equipment
Reverse osmosis, abbreviated as RO, primarily consists of a high-pressure pump and a reverse osmosis membrane. Under high pressure, water molecules are separated from other substances in the water, such as minerals, organic matter, and microorganisms, which are flushed away by the high-pressure water flow. The permeate water is safe, hygienic, and pure. Leveraging the separation characteristics of reverse osmosis, it effectively removes dissolved salts, colloids, organic matter, bacteria, and other impurities. Reverse osmosis offers advantages such as low energy consumption, no pollution, advanced technology, and simple operation. Reverse osmosis technology is widely applied in the softening and desalination of makeup water, desalination of seawater and brackish water, production of drinking pure water, preparation of ultrapure water for the electronics industry, separation, concentration, and recovery in chemical and food industries, and other process water applications. Factors Affecting Reverse Osmosis Membranes
Recovery Rate: Excessively high recovery rates can lead to membrane fouling or precipitation of excessive dissolved salts in the concentrate, causing membrane scaling.
Temperature: Temperature affects both osmotic pressure and water flux. Water flux is proportional to temperature, typically correlating with the viscosity changes due to temperature. Generally, a 1°C increase in water temperature results in a 3% increase in membrane water production.
Pressure: For a given set of feedwater conditions, increasing pressure enhances the water flow per unit membrane area. Although salt flux is unaffected by pressure, the increased water flow dilutes the salt passage through the membrane, resulting in lower salt concentration in the permeate.
RUPF Series Ultrapure Water System Performance Features
Automatic backwashing upon startup
Low-pressure alarm shutdown protection; automatic cessation of water production when the tank is full
Simultaneous online monitoring of two water quality channels, providing real-time monitoring of pure and ultrapure water quality
No-water alarm and full-water alarm for safety assurance
Fully automatic RO membrane anti-scaling flushing program to extend RO membrane lifespan; automatic backwashing upon startup and automatic flushing during standby when the tank is full
Dual-quality water output, one system for two uses (capable of simultaneously providing two streams of pure water)
Multiple specifications of water storage tanks available to meet diverse needs
Ergonomically designed chassis compliant with GLP standards
All pipelines NSF-certified; new quick-connect fittings for easier filter column replacement and maintenance
Imported nuclear-grade resin; fully descending flow ultrapurification column design to ensure consistent water quality
Online monitoring of water temperature in the flow path
Dual-wavelength (185nm & 254nm) imported UV lamp for effective sterilization, TOC reduction, and enhanced system applicability
Imported 0.45μm PES polyethersulfone composite membrane terminal sterilizing filter to ensure sterile water quality
Ultrapure water constant pressure system
Enhanced pretreatment with automatic startup after water use




RUPF Series Ultrapure Water System (Tap Water as Source)

Name Basic Type Pyrogen-Free Type Low Organic Type Comprehensive Type
Product Model Standard Type RUPF RUPF-1 RUPF-II RUPF-III
Feedwater Requirements Municipal tap water: TDS < 200 ppm, 5-45°C, 1.0-4.0 Kgf/cm² (If feedwater TDS > 200 ppm, an external softener is recommended)
System Process PF+RO+AC+PF+
AC+DI+TF PF+AC+PF+RO+
AC+DI+UF+TF PF+AC+PF+RO+
UV+DI+TF PF+AC+PF+RO+
UV+DI+UF+TF
UP Ultrapure Water Indicators Resistivity 18.25 MΩ.cm@25°C
Heavy Metal Ions < 0.1 ppb
Total Organic Carbon (TOC) < 10